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Physics of Play

The Magnus Effect on a Football: Why Free Kicks Bend

From Roberto Carlos in Lyon to a still afternoon on a parks pitch, the curving free kick is governed by the same equations that lift an aircraft wing. A close look at the science of a swerving ball.

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The curve of a free kick is not magic, and it is not exclusively skill. It is the visible signature of a turbulent boundary layer doing exactly what a Reynolds number predicts it will do.Dr Rabi Mehta, former chief, NASA Ames experimental aerodynamics

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